At the distal end of the femur, the linea aspera divides into the lateral and medial supracondylar lines. Description. The medial surface presents a rough impression, above and a deep trochanteric fossa, below. The intertrochanteric line (or spiral line of the femur ) is a line located on the anterior side of the proximal end of the femur. Lower end of Femur At end of the 9th month of intrauterine life. This area is prone to fractures due to high velocity trauma in the young and trivial trauma in the elderly. Rheumatol. The intermediate ridge of linea aspera is called the pectineal line and is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the Pectineus; This definition incorporates text from a public domain edition of Gray's Anatomy (20th U.S. edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body, published in 1918 from http://www. demonstrate apex, base, borders and surfaces of patella. Its applications include immobilization and reduction of fractures, correction of deformities, and elevation of extremities for the management of soft tissue injuries and burns. Because of its involvement in daily activities, LA develops due to the use and strengthening of the muscles. i m nail with 3 distal screws. The Spiral Line (SPL) (Fig. Lower band of the iliofemoral ligament in its lower part, Highest fibers of the vastus lateralis from the upper end, Highest fibers of the vastus medialis from the lower end, Quadratus femoris attached on quadrate tubercle, The medial and popliteal surfaces are bare [ Except for part of gastrocnemius origin on the popliteal surface]. It meets the shaft at the intertrochanteric crest. The femur is the only bone in the thigh and the longest bone in the body. Erythromelalgia was described in 1872 by Silas Weir Mitchell. J. Clin. Overview The Lateral Line (LL) brackets each side of the body from the medial and lateral mid-point of the foot around the outside of the ankle and up the lateral aspect of the leg and thigh, passing along the trunk in a basket weave or crossed-shoelace pattern under the shoulder to the skull in the region of the ear (Fig. Vastus medialis Lower part of the intertrochanteric line, the spiral line, the medial lip of the linea aspera, and the upper one fourth of the medial supracondylar line. Orthopedic health, conditions and treatment. Arthrodesis means the fusion of the bones. It functions as the point of insertion for the superior and inferior bands of the iliofemoral ligament which is attached to the tubercle proximally and distally respectively. Tibial articulation surface over the lateral condyle is short and straight anteroposteriorly whereas the part over the medial condyle is longer and is convex medially. Adductor magnus is inserted into the medial margin of the gluteal tuberosity, the linea aspera, the medial supracondylar line, and the adductor tubercle. Learn how your comment data is processed. Congenital talipes equinovarus or club foot or CTEV as it is often known as is a congenital deformity affecting single foot or both. The two condyles are partially covered by a large articular surface. It presents a small pit, the fovea, just below and behind the center, where ligament of the head of femur (ligamentum teres femoris) attaches. ral line of femur a curved line with its superior end adjacent to the lesser trochanter, nearly continuous with the intertrochanteric line, and converging inferiorly with the pectineal line to form the medial lip of the linea aspera; forms the medial boundary of the distal attachment of the iliacus muscle. The neck has two borders and two surfaces. Anterior cruciate ligament posterior part of the medial surface of the lateral condyle. The lower epiphysis fuses by the 20th year. It isasmooth rounded ridge which begins above at the posterior superior angle of the greater trochanter and ends at the lesser trochanter. [Read complete anatomy of the wrist] The carpus or the wrist functions to facilitate effective positioning of the hand and thus allowing efficient use [], Skin traction is a type of traction that transmits the force via skin. You can follow him on Facebook, Linkedin and Twitter, Your email address will not be published. Head, in its most part, is covered by cartilage. The intertrochanteric line (or spiral line of the femur[1] ) is a line located on the anterior side of the proximal end of the femur. Femur fractures vary greatly, depending on the force that causes the break. The upper part of this surface may be covered by articular cartilage. It is not intracapsular in its lower lateral part. The popliteus arises from the deep anterior part of the popliteal groove. Pectineus is a short quadrangular muscle extending from the pubis to the area just below the lesser trochanter of femur.It has the most superior attachment of all the thigh adductors, originating from the pectineal line of pubis on the superior pubic ramus. Between the two condyles, the surface is grooved vertically. The epiphyseal line for the lower end of the femur passes through it. The disease was known by Mitchell [], The wrist is made up of eight carpal bones, which are arranged in two rows. The lower end is supplied by genicular arteries and anastomosis around the knee. Articularis genu just below the vastus intermedius. Posteriorly, they are separated by a deep gap, termed the intercondylar fossa or intercondylar notch, and project backwards much beyond the plane of the popliteal surface. Because it needs to sacrifice motion, [], Erythromelalgia is a rare neurovascular peripheral disorder characterized by burning pain, warmth, and redness of the extremities. The spiral line is a curved line with its superior end adjacent to the lesser trochanter, nearly continuous with the intertrochanteric line, and converging inferiorly with the pectineal line to form the medial lip of the linea Idiopathic club foot is the most frequent and unless specified otherwise, the term congenital talipes [], Wrist arthrodesis is a salvage procedure to provide the patient with the pain-free immobile wrist in maximum functional position. The psoas major is inserted on the apex and medial part of the rough anterior surface. The anterior surface is flat and meets the shaft at the intertrochanteric line. The intercondylar line provides attachment to the capsular ligament and laterally to the oblique popliteal ligament. Synonym (s): linea spiralis femoris ( 135 degrees), Coxa vara is a condition where the neck-shaft angle is less than normal (120 degrees). Ossification of the lower end of the femur is of medicolegal importance. whether in bookstores? Presence of its center in a newly born child found dead indicates that the child was capable of independent existence. It is directed upward, medially, and somewhat forwards. The Linea aspera has distinct medial and lateral lips. A traction is a directional pull on the trunk or on an extremity. Anatomical terms of bone. The upper border, concave and horizontal, meets the shaft at the greater trochanter. The pectineal line arises more superiorly (aka, proximally) than does the spiral line. It is composed of an upper end, alower end and a shaft. The primary center for the shaft appears in the 7 weeks of intrauterine life. The upper end of the femur includes the head, the neck, the greater trochanter, the lesser trochanter, the intertrochanteric line, and the intertrochanteric crest. Shaft is directed obliquely downwards and medially so that the lower surfaces of the two condyles of the femur lie in the same horizontal plane. Function of Linea Aspera The main function of the LA is the support and stabilization of the femur during walking and running as it serves as the attachment site of several muscles. The posterior surface is convex from above downwards and concave from side to side. The iliofemoral ligament the largest ligament of the human body attaches above the line which also strengthens the capsule of the hip joint. Pectineus is inserted on a line extending from the lesser trochanter to the linea aspera. Linea aspera is an important landmark in orthopedics surgeries involving reduction of femoral fractures. The medial and lateral surfaces are directed more backwards than to sides. Demonstrate the different parts, borders and surfaces OF Femur. The upper apophyses (lesser trochanter, greater trochanter and head, in that order) fuse with the shaft at about 18 years. Intramedullary pin fixation with cerclage wires is an option for cats with long oblique or spiral simple fractures in which at least 3 cerclage wires can be applied. The quadriceps and hamstrings result in fracture shortening; thus, excellent muscle paralysis must be obtained for proper reduction. Tibial collateral ligament of the knee medial epicondyle, Hamstring part of the adductor magnus adductor tubercle. Femur shaft fracture from daks2k3a4ib2z.cloudfront.net Also forms the medial patellar retinaculum and medial side of quadriceps femoris. The skin around the fracture may be intact (closed It gives connection to 2 ligaments and 2 muscles: Capsule of the hip joint. The angle facilitates movements of the hip joint. Nutrient artery to shaft of the femur is derived from the second perforating artery. The anterior surface of the femoral neck is entirely intracapsular. These septae separate the extensor muscles from the adductor medially, and from the flexors laterally. The trochanteric bursa of the gluteus medius lies in front of the ridge, and the trochanteric bursa of the gluteus maximus lies behind the ridge. The fovea on the head of the femur provides attachment to the ligament of the head (round ligament, or ligamentum teres). On the posterior surface of the femur, the intermediate ridge or pectineal line is continued to the base of the lesser trochanter and gives attachment to the pectineus muscle . It reaches the lower border of the neck on a level with, but anterior to, the lesser trochanter, and thereafter, much narrowed, is continued downwards afid backwards on the shaft as the spiral line. The spiral line's simple name is easy to explain; Vastus lateralis appears in a linear manner from the upper part of intertrochanteric line. It is similar to skin traction used on the limbs and is based on the same principles. It continues downward and medially below the lesser trochanter on the posterior aspect of femur as spiral line. After arthrodesis or fusion, motion between worn joints is eliminated and so is the pain. This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 245 ofthe 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intertrochanteric_line&oldid=1002193877, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 23 January 2021, at 07:33. The fovea is a roughened pit just below and behind the center of the head. It marks the junction of the posterior surface of the neck with the shaft of the femur. The lower end of the lateral supracondylar line gives origin to the plantaris above and the upper part of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius below. The intracapsular neck is supplied by the retinacular arteries derived chiefly from the trochanteric anastomosis. The extracapsular part of the neck is supplied by the ascending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery. or online bookstore? The iliacus is inserted on the anterior surface of the base of the trochanter, and on the area below. 688 Int. He works in Kanwar Bone and Spine Clinic, Dasuya, Hoshiarpur, Punjab. The lateral surface is crossed by an oblique ridge directed downwards and forwards. The popliteal surface is covered with fat and forms the floor of the popliteal fossa. The femoral neck is strengthened by a thickening of bone called the calcar femorale present along its concavity. The rounded elevation, a little above its middle is called the quadrate tubercle. one in lateral condyle worked its way out having surg to remove. Intercondylar fossa or notch separates the lower and posterior parts of the two condyles. Medial and lateral intermuscular septa are attached to the lips of the linea aspera and to the supracondylar line. Gerhardt described the same disease in Germany. Following structures attach to the intertrochanteric line, Following video summarizes the femoral bone. Vastus lateralis upper part of the intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of the greater trochanter, the lateral lip of the gluteal tuberosity, and the upper half of the lateral lip of the line aspera. Are you sure? what should i expect? The anterior surface is rough in its lateral part. Adductor brevis is inserted into a line extending from the lesser trochanter to the upper part of the linea aspera, behind the pectineus and the upper part of the adductor longus. this modern era that I think I have a case it is lagging way. NECK It is 5 cm long and attaches the head with all the shaft. Medial head of the gastrocnemius extends to the popliteal surface just above the medial condyle. The spiral line later continues as inter trochanteric line near the lesser trochanter. The medial and lateral borders are rounded and ill-defined, but the posterior border is in the form of a broad roughened ridge, called the linea aspera. The spiral line is a curved line with its superior end adjacent to the lesser trochanter, nearly continuous with the intertrochanteric line, and converging inferiorly with the pectineal line to form the medial lip of the linea aspera. intercondylar line =base of popliteal surface of femur 2 cruciate ligaments of knee joint & meniscofemoral ligament(s), if present, attach to notch The __ __ ligament attaches to medial surface of lateral wall (lateral condyle); it attaches posteriorly. Fibular collateral ligament of the knee attaches to the lateral epicondyle. Anteriorly, the notch is limited by the patellar articular surface. It is accomplished by attaching [], Head halter traction or cervical halter is a type of spinal traction used in cervical ailments and injuries. In upper one-third of the shaft, he two lips of the Linea aspera diverge wide to form an additional posterior surface and four borders (medial, lateral, spiral line and the lateral hip of the gluteal tuberosity) and 4 surfaces (anterior, medial, lateral and posterior). It is a roughened ridge from the anterosuperior angle of the greater trochanter (as a tubercle) and is continuous below with the spiral line in front of the lesser trochanter. The infrapatellar synovial fold is attached to the anterior border of the intercondylar fossa. When the knee is flexed, the tendon of this muscle lies in the shallow posterior part of the grove. The trochanteric crest (fig. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. The head halter traction is provided by using head halter traction devices which produce an effect of stretching the neck [], The Oswestry Disability Index has emerged as the most commonly recommended condition-specific outcome measures for spinal disorders. The rough, variable ridge stretches between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter forming the base of the neck of the femur, roughly following the direction of the shaft of the femur. The lateral condyle is flat laterally, less prominent than medial condyle and stouter than it. Head articulates with acetabulum to form a hip joint. ral line of femur a curved line with its superior end adjacent to the lesser trochanter, nearly continuous with the intertrochanteric line, and converging inferiorly with the pectineal line to form the medial lip of the linea aspera; forms the medial boundary of the distal attachment of the iliacus muscle. Club foot may result from a bony, a muscular or a neuropathic error, or maybe termed idiopathic. Attachments on Femur 1. Gluteus minimus bursa lies deep to the upper horizontal fibers of the adductor magnus. This area of the femur being an important pillar for weight bearing through the skeletal system is subject to comparatively high levels of dynamic stress, pathological strain, physiological strain and trauma. Figure 2.Posterior view of the right femur The inferior end of the femur The medial and lateral femoral condyles make up the inferior end of the femur.These are rounded prominences which articulate with the menisci (crescentic plates of cartilage), the tibial condyles posteriorly and the patella anteriorly to form the knee joint. The greater trochanter has an upper border with an apex, and 3 surfaces (anterior, medial and lateral). below The lower half, less prominent than the upper half, gives origin to the upper part of the Vastus medialis. Vastus intermedius upper three-fourths of the anterior and lateral surfaces. Synonym (s): linea spiralis femoris Running obliquely downward and medialward from the tubercle is the intertrochanteric line (spiral line of the femur); it winds around the medial side of the body of the bone, below the lesser trochanter, and ends about 5 cm. The muscular impression near the lateral epicondyle gives origin to the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. Anteversion is the angle formed between the transverse axis of the upper and lower ends of the femur. Learning objectives-By the end of this teaching session on Femur & Patella, all the students must be able to correctly:- Identify femur and patella. It is convex forwards and is directed obliquely downwards and medially. As a consequence, the capsule of the hip joint attaches in the region of the intertrochanteric line on the anterior side, but a finger away from the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the head.[3]. It has a prominence called the lateral epicondyle. 6.1) loops around the body in two opposing helices, right and left, joining each side of the skull across the upper back to the opposite shoulder, and then around the ribs to the front to cross again at the level of the navel to the hip. The upper and bears a rounded head, whereas the lower end is widely expanded to from two large condyles. The spiral line winds around the shaft below the lesser trochanter to reach the posterior surface of the shaft. The lower border, straight and oblique, meets the shaft near the lesser trochanter. *. The short head of the biceps femoris arises from the lateral lip of the linea aspera between the vastus lateralis and the adductor magnus, and from the upper two thirds of the lateral supracondylar line. 5.2 A,B/Table 5.1). Linea Aspera (Rough line) 2 distinct lips- medial, lateral In the upper one-third, Lips diverge to enclose an additional posterior surface Thus 4 borders: Lateral- Spiral Line, Medial- Gluteal Tuberosity & 4 surfaces Lower one- third, 2 The upper border of the trochanter lies at the level of the center of the head. Thus this part of the shaft has four borders (medial, lateral, supracondylar line and lateral supracondylar line) 4 surfaces (anterior, medial, lateral and popliteal). It is about 15 degrees. The head is supported by the neck, which projects obliquely from the proximal end of the femur. It has two large condyles medial and lateral. Required fields are marked *, By using this form you agree with the storage and handling of your data by this website. Two faint grooves separate the patellar articulation surface from tibial surfaces. It is a conical eminence directed medially and backwards from the junction of the posterior part of the neck with the shaft. The lower end of the femur is wide and expanded. The intercondylar line separates the notch from the popliteal surface. The femur (Figure 7.22) is the bone of the proximal part of the hind limb, or thigh.The head of the femur is a hemispherical surface that fits into the acetabulum of the innominate. This website is an effort to educate and support people and medical personnel on orthopedic issues and musculoskeletal health. The smaller, medial part of the head, near the fovea, is supplied by medial epiphyseal arteries derived from the posterior division of the obturator artery and from the ascending branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery. The gluteal tuberosity is a broad roughened ridge on the lateral part of the posterior surface. The pieces of bone may line up correctly (stable fracture) or be out of alignment (displaced fracture). Anteriorly, the two condyles are united and are in a line with the front of the shaft. The wrist or carpus is the region between metacarpals and distal ends of radius and ulna. It also bears a prominent point called the medial epicondyle. of pubis on the superior pubic ramus. The larger, lateral part of the head is supplied by lateral epiphyseal arteries which are derived from the retinacular branches of the medial circumflex femoral artery. Below it lies the popliteal groove with a deeper anterior part and a shallower posterior part. These arterial twigs enter the acetabular notch and then pass along the round ligament to reach the head. The neck is about is about 3-3.5 cms long and connects head with the shaft. The gluteus medius is inserted into the ridge on the lateral surface. The fibers of the ischiocapsular ligament attach both into the joint capsule and onto the intertrochanteric line. The femur is also called the thigh bone and is the longest and strongest bone of the body. a curved line with its superior end adjacent to the lesser trochanter Similarly, the two lips of the Linea aspera diverge in lower one third and enclose an additional, popliteal surface. (2010) 5(6) future science groupR eview McKeon, ODonnell & Gordon Pediatric femoral shaft fractures: current & future treatment R eview movement of the bone fragments en route to the emergency After epiphyseal fusion, the lateral epiphyseal arteries anastomose freely with the metaphyseal arteries. It is a roughened ridge from the anterosuperior angle of the greater trochanter (as a tubercle) and is continuous below with the spiral line in front of the lesser trochanter. The nutrient foramen (or foramina) is located on the medial side on the linea aspera and is directed upwards. Fovea Provides attachment to the ligament of the head of The head is directed medially. The shaft in middle one-third has three borders -medial, lateral and posterior. The treatment of distal femur fractures can be complicated by the various muscle attachments, which can impede or hamper proper fracture reduction. Adductor tubercle is a projection posterosuperior to the epicondyle which serves as an important landmark. [2], The distal capsular attachment on the femur follows the shape of the irregular rim between the head and the neck. Anteriorly, the condyles articulate with patella and this articulation extends more on the lateral condyle than on the medial. The cylindrical shaft is convex forwards. The medial border and medial supracondylar line meet inferiorly to obliterate the medial surface. It forms the medial boundary of the distal attachment of the iliacus muscle. Gluteal tuberosity receives insertion of deeper fibers of the lower half of the gluteus maximus, Adductor longus Medial lip of the linea aspera between the vastus medialis and the adductor brevis and magnus. The fractures in this line are called intertrochantric fractures and are classified as per the pattern of the fracture geometry. intercondylar line =base of popliteal surface of femur 2 cruciate ligaments of knee joint & meniscofemoral ligament(s), if present, attach to notch The __ __ ligament attaches to medial surface of lateral wall (lateral condyle); it attaches posteriorly. Arun Pal Singh is an orthopedic and trauma surgeon, founder and chief editor of this website. It marks the junction of the neck with the femur. The neck forms an angle with the shaft, known as neck-shaft angle and is about 125 in adults [lesser in females]. spiral femur fx 6 weeks ago. Left Femur - upper end The pectineal line of the femur must not be confused with the pectineal line of the pubis, nor with the spiral line of the femur which is usually more prominent than the pectineal line The development of the Oswestry Disability Index was initiated by John OBrien in 1976 The index is based on a patient-completed questionnaire which gives a subjective percentage score of the level of function (disability) in activities of daily [], Radiogrammetry is a technique that uses a conventional radiograph for the assessment of bone status by using cortical width as a measure of bone [Read More] about Digital Xray Radiogrammetry for Bone Mineral Density. Proximally, the linea aspera splits into the pectineal (spiral) line medially and the gluteal tuberosity laterally (see Figure 12-5, B). Therefore, it typically requires early surgical reduction and fixation with early mobilization and weight bearing in order to facilitate enhanced recovery. 7. The vessels produce longitudinal grooves and foramina directed towards the head, mainly on the anterior and posterior- superior surface. It acts as the site of origin and attachment of many muscles and ligaments, and can be divided into three parts; proximal, shaft and distal. In some anatomical texts and scientific articles it is observed that the term spiral line is used in relation to the description of the femur and / or the origin of the vast medial. Just like the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the femoral head, the intertrochanteric line marks the transition between the femoral neck and shaft. This set constitutes the main supply and damage to it results in necrosis of the head of the following fractures of the neck of the femur. The condition gets its names derived from three Greek words: erythros (red)+ melos (limb)+ algos (pain). Medial condyle is convex medially. [1] Your email address will not be published. The shaft possesses 3 surfaces as well anterior, medial and lateral. Anatomy Trains Spiral Line Of Femur PDF Online Free Where you usually get the Anatomy Trains Spiral Line Of Femur PDF Online Free with easy? The greater trochanter is a large quadrangular prominence located at the upper part of the junction of the neck with the shaft. about Digital Xray Radiogrammetry for Bone Mineral Density, Congenital Talipes Equinovarus or Club Foot, Wrist Arthrodesis Indications and Procedure, Head Halter Traction- Use and Complications, Digital Xray Radiogrammetry for Bone Mineral Density, The gluteus minimus is inserted into the rough lateral part of the anterior surface, The obturator internus and the two gemelli are inserted into the upper rough impression on the medial surface, The obturator externus is inserted into the trochanteric fossa. As noted before, wrist joint is a salvage procedure. 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Surface of the head with the shaft of the anterior and lateral ) notch from lesser. Widely expanded to from two large condyles medial and lateral surfaces extracapsular part of head! Intracapsular neck is supplied by the patellar articulation surface from tibial surfaces fracture from daks2k3a4ib2z.cloudfront.net also forms the border. You agree with the storage and handling of Your data by this website an